Parma

Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Parma, the charming city in Emilia-Romagna, is a paradise for gourmets and culture lovers. Famous for its Parmigiano Reggiano and Prosciutto di Parma, the city also boasts impressive architecture like the Romanesque cathedral and the magnificent Palazzo della Pilotta. Discover the rich history and enjoy the great culinary delicacies that make Parma such a great day trip destination in Italy.

Top Highlights of Parma

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Parma Cathedral
Parma
The Duomo di Parma, officially known as the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta, stands as an impressive testament to medieval architecture with its distinctive Romanesque facade from the 12th century. Inside, you’ll find an exciting blend of Romanesque architecture and Renaissance decor, highlighted by Correggio's famous dome fresco of the Assumption of Mary from the 1520s.
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Palazzo della Pilotta
Parma
In the heart of Parma stands the Palazzo della Pilotta, a vast complex from the late 16th century, named after the Spanish ball game Pelota, which soldiers once played in its courtyards.
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Teatro Farnese
Parma
In the Palazzo della Pilotta in Parma, you will find the Teatro Farnese, one of the most significant Baroque theaters in Italy. This wooden masterpiece from the early 17th century was meticulously rebuilt after being almost completely destroyed during World War II. Designed by Giovan Battista Aleotti, the U-shaped auditorium once accommodated 3,000 spectators, but it was only used eight times during its original era.
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Teatro Regio
Parma
In the Teatro Regio, one of the most important traditional opera houses in Italy, you will find a magnificent horseshoe-shaped auditorium with four tiers of boxes and a gallery. Founded in 1829 by Maria Luigia d'Austria, the theater impresses with its neoclassical façade featuring ten Ionic columns and an impressive chandelier from 1853 that weighs a remarkable 1,100 kg.
Citadel of Parma
Parma
The impressive Cittadella di Parma is a 16th-century Renaissance fortress, built under Duke Alessandro Farnese with its distinctive pentagonal shape and imposing bastions. What once served as a defensive structure, barracks, and prison is now a vast public park where you can still admire the original military architecture.
Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Steccata
Parma
In the magnificent Basilica di Santa Maria della Steccata, Renaissance and Baroque styles blend into an impressive sacred building that has shaped the cityscape of Parma since the 16th century. The Greek cross layout with four symmetrical apses and the majestic dome by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger make the church an architectural masterpiece.
Parco Ducale
Parma
In the historic Parco Ducale, which spans over 20 hectares in the Oltretorrente district of Parma, you will find one of the most significant parks in Northern Italy. Established by Duke Ottavio Farnese in the 16th century, the park features magnificent buildings like the Palazzo del Giardino and the Palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale, as well as impressive sculptures and the monumental Fontana del Trianon.
Certosa di Parma
Parma
The Certosa di Parma, also known as the Certosa di San Girolamo, has a rich history since its founding in 1285 by Rolando Taverna. During its nearly 500 years as a Carthusian monastery, the complex became a center for astronomy, mathematics, and physics before being dissolved in the late 18th century.
Parma Baptistery
Parma
The octagonal Baptistery of Parma, located right next to the cathedral, is considered one of the most significant buildings marking the transition from Romanesque to Gothic architecture in Italy. Built from pink Veronese marble, the baptistery was designed by Benedetto Antelami starting in 1196 and was consecrated in 1270 after politically motivated delays.
Galleria nazionale di Parma
Parma
In the impressive Palazzo della Pilotta, the National Gallery of Parma houses one of the most significant art collections in Italy, which traces its origins back to the Renaissance collection of the Farnese family.

Travel Information

Best time to visit?

The best time to visit Parma is actually from March to May and again in September. Weather is great for city trips and most importantly you can avoid the summer crowds. If you have the choice, we recommend May. The weather is already quite warm and stable and you can enjoy the bloom of flowers.

If you visit during the first half of September, you can experience the Festival of Prosciutto. On weekends, for three weeks, Prosciutto factories open their doors and you can visit - and sample (!) the world-famous Prosciutto di Parma - free of charge. See more at their official website.

The summer months July and August are humid and the hottest months, with temperatures often exceeding 90°F (32°C). It's also peak season and especially August is best avoided.

From mid-October Parma gets a lot of rain and fog and the tourist season is over.

How to get to Parma?

By Plane

Parma's Giuseppe Verdi Airport is only 3km away, but serves limited flights. Major nearby airports include Bologna, Milan Linate, Milan Malpensa, Milan Bergamo Orio al Serio, all of which offer train and car connections to Parma. Travel time by train ranges from 1.5 to 3 hours depending on the airport.

By Train

Since there are frequent trains from cities like Milan, Bologna, and Florence, you can easily reach Parma by train. Parma's train station is also conveniently located, only a 10-minute walk from the historical center. You can find the timetables and categories of trains on the Trenitalia website. If you travel long-distance (Intercity or Freccia), it's cheaper to buy your tickets in advance. For regional travel you can buy your ticket at any time at the ticket office or automatic ticket machines.

By Car

Parma is accessible via the A1 and A15 motorways. Free parking with shuttle buses is available on the city's outskirts, while paid underground parking is available in the city center. The ticket for the shuttle bus is valid for the entire day, perfect for tourists making a one-day visit to Parma.

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History

Founded by the Etruscans and later developed by the Romans in 183 BC, Parma quickly became an important urban center thanks to its strategic location along the Via Aemilia. This ancient road connected the city to major trade routes, facilitating its growth and prosperity.

During the Middle Ages, Parma experienced significant cultural and political changes. It became a bishopric in the 4th century, and the influence of the Church was profound in shaping the city's development. The construction of the Parma Cathedral and the Baptistery in the 12th century are testaments to the city's medieval architectural splendor.

The Renaissance period was marked by the city's inclusion into the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza in 1545 under Pope Paul III, establishing it as a duchy under the rule of the Farnese family. This era saw Parma flourish artistically and culturally, attracting renowned artists like Correggio and Parmigianino, whose works you can still admire in the city.

The 18th century brought further transformation when the Duchy passed to the House of Bourbon. The French influence during this time left a lasting imprint on Parma’s administrative and cultural landscape. In 1860, Parma became part of the newly unified Kingdom of Italy.

Today, Parma is celebrated not only for its historical significance but also for its contributions to art, music, and gastronomy.

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